(1) Use and maintenance of hydraulic oil

在液压系、阀等元件中,相对运动的元件之间都有精确的间隙,即很小的配合表面,有的液儿元件还有不少阻尼孔和缝隙式控制闯口等。如果液压油中混人污物杂质,在流经这些部位时,则会堵塞这些小孔和缝隙,使元件不能正常工作。如果污物进入阀芯与阀体等的配合间隙,则会划伤配合表面,使泄漏增加,有时甚会卡住阀芯.造成元件动作失灵。如果油液中的污物过多,则会堵塞在油泵吸袖口设置的滤油网,从而造成吸油阻力过大,使油泵小能正常1:作,产生振动和噪声。因此,应该注意以下儿点:

In the hydraulic system, valves and other components, there are precise gaps between the relative moving components, that is, very small mating surfaces. Some hydraulic components also have many damping holes and slit-type control openings. If the hydraulic oil is mixed with dirt and impurities, when flowing through these parts, these small holes and gaps will be blocked and the components will not work properly. If dirt enters the fitting clearance between the valve core and the valve body, it will scratch the fitting surface, increase the leakage, and sometimes even jam the valve core, causing the element action failure. If there is too much dirt in the oil, the oil filter set at the suction sleeve of the oil pump will be blocked, resulting in too large oil suction resistance, so that the oil pump can operate normally 1: 1, causing vibration and noise. Therefore, the following points should be noted:

①液压用泊必须经过严格的过滤。滤油器应当经常检查清洗,如果发现损坏应及时更换。向油箱中汗油时,应通过1m目以上的滤油器过滤。

① Hydraulic berths must be strictly filtered. The oil filter should be checked and cleaned frequently, and if found damaged, it should be replaced in time. When sweating oil into the oil tank, it should be filtered through an oil filter with more than 1m mesh.

②系统中的液压汕应经常检查并定期更换。一巴油液使用时间过长,将失去润滑性能,并可能具右酸性,所以一般要求在累计工作1咖h以后换油

② The hydraulic valve in the system should be checked frequently and replaced regularly. If the one-bar oil is used for a long time, it will lose its lubricating property and may have right-acidity. Therefore, it is generally required to change the oil after the accumulated working time of 1 coffee

③液压元件不要轻易拆卸。如必须拆卸,则应该在重新装配时止金属屑、棉纱等杂质落人元件中。

③ Do not disassemble hydraulic components easily. If it is necessary to disassemble, metal chips, cotton yarn and other impurities should not fall into the components during reassembly.

(2)防止空气进入液压系统

(2) Prevent air from entering the hydraulic system

混凝土搅拌车液压油的压缩件很小,啊空气的压缩性却很大,大约为油的]万倍。所以,一旦在液压油中混入丁空气,这些空气在压力低时就会从液压油中溢出,产生气泡,形成空穴现象;而这些空气气泡如果到了高压区,则又会在压力油的冲击厂,急剧受压缩,很快被击碎,使液压系统产生噪声;与此同时,当气体突然受到压缩时,会放出大量热量并引起局部过热,容易使液压元件和液压油受到损坏。另外,同样是由于空气的可压缩性大,还将使工作器件产生爬行,破坏工作的平稳性,有时甚引起振动。因此,在正常的工作过程中,应该使泊箱中的液压油保持正常油面,让吸油滤袖器和回油管没入液压泊,以防止油泵吸人空气和回泊时带人空气;要坚持定期地检查吸油滤油器,防止滤油器堵塞,避免产生空蚀现象。

The compressed part of the hydraulic oil of the concrete mixer truck is very small, but the compressibility of the air is very large, about 10000 times that of the oil. Therefore, once the hydraulic oil is mixed with butyl air, these air will overflow from the hydraulic oil when the pressure is low, producing bubbles and forming cavitation; If these air bubbles reach the high pressure area, they will be compressed sharply in the impact plant of pressure oil, and will be broken quickly, making the hydraulic system produce noise; At the same time, when the gas is suddenly compressed, it will emit a lot of heat and cause local overheating, which is easy to damage the hydraulic components and hydraulic oil. In addition, due to the high compressibility of air, the working device will also creep, destroy the stability of work, and sometimes even cause vibration. Therefore, in the normal working process, the hydraulic oil in the tank should be kept at the normal oil level, and the oil suction sleeve filter and oil return pipe should be submerged in the hydraulic tank, so as to prevent the oil pump from absorbing air and carrying air when returning to the tank; The oil suction filter should be checked regularly to prevent clogging and cavitation.

(3)防止油温过高

(3) Prevent excessive oil temperature

混凝土搅拌车液压系统油液的:作温度一般在30—肋宅的范围,不超过80℃。如果油温太高会产生根多不良影响:如动度下降、容积效率降低、润滑油膜变薄而增加机械磨损、密封件老化变质而丧失密封性能等。

The oil temperature of the hydraulic system of the concrete mixer truck is generally in the range of 30-ribbed house, and the maximum temperature is not more than 80 ℃. If the oil temperature is too high, there will be many adverse effects, such as decreased dynamic degree, reduced volumetric efficiency, increased mechanical wear due to the thinning of lubricating oil film, and loss of sealing performance due to aging and deterioration of seals.